Droit de location

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Déduire le loyer des impôts : Un aperçu complet pour les locataires

1. Introduction

2. Le système fiscal suisse

3. Le loyer comme coût de la vie privée - et les exceptions

4. Malentendus fréquents

5. Imposition des revenus locatifs et des charges

6. Bureau à domicile, activité complémentaire et déclaration d'impôts

7. Louer vaut-il la peine d'un point de vue fiscal ?

8. Comment se déroule la déclaration fiscale pour les locataires ?

9. La valeur locative et le débat politique

10. Conseils pratiques pour les locataires

11. Perspectives politiques et évolutions possibles

12. Résumé

13. Perspectives et pistes de réflexion

Peut-on déduire le loyer des impôts en Suisse ?

Logistique

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 Des coûts de stockage élevés ? Des délais de livraison longs ? Découvrez comment le cross-docking peut révolutionner votre logistique et les avantages décisifs que cette méthode peut apporter à votre entreprise.

 Qu'est-ce qu'un terminal de cross-docking ?

La structure d'un terminal

 Différentes formes de cross-docking

 Avantages du cross-docking

 Les défis du cross-docking

Fazit

Dans le monde économique actuel en constante évolution, l'efficacité et la rapidité de la chaîne d'approvisionnement ne sont pas des options supplémentaires, mais des avantages concurrentiels décisifs. Pour de nombreuses entreprises suisses, des grands détaillants aux entreprises de production spécialisées, un concept logistique prend de plus en plus d'importance : le cross-docking. Cette méthode promet d'accélérer les flux de marchandises, de réduire les coûts et de minimiser le stockage. Mais qu'est-ce qu'un terminal de cross-docking, comment fonctionne-t-il et quel type de bien immobilier est nécessaire pour l'exploiter ? Cet article examine les aspects essentiels du cross-docking et explique pourquoi cette approche est si importante pour la logistique.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Qu'est-ce qu'un terminal de cross-docking ?</h2>À la base, le cross-docking est un processus logistique dans lequel les marchandises arrivées sont déchargées d'un moyen de transport (par exemple un camion) et immédiatement transférées vers un autre moyen de transport pour être expédiées, pratiquement sans stockage intermédiaire. Un terminal de cross-docking n'est donc pas un entrepôt traditionnel destiné au stockage à long terme de marchandises, mais plutôt une zone de transbordement dynamique. Les marchandises et les produits arrivent d'un côté du hall, sont triés et regroupés, puis réexpédiés de l'autre côté. L'objectif est que les marchandises quittent le terminal en quelques heures, souvent même en moins d'une heure.&nbsp;Par rapport à l'entrepôt classique, où les marchandises sont réceptionnées, stockées, préparées puis expédiées, le cross-docking élimine l'étape fastidieuse et coûteuse du stockage. Alors qu'un entrepôt est conçu pour maximiser la capacité de stockage, un terminal de cross-docking est optimisé pour maximiser le débit et la vitesse de transbordement. Cela entraîne des exigences fondamentalement différentes pour le bien immobilier lui-même.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">La construction d'un terminal</h2>Un terminal de cross-docking efficace se distingue considérablement d'un entrepôt standard sur le plan architectural. La forme du bâtiment est déterminante pour l'efficacité des processus. Les bâtiments longs, étroits et rectangulaires (en forme de I) sont les plus adaptés, car ils minimisent la distance entre les quais d'arrivée et de départ.&nbsp;Dans les très grands terminaux de plus de 150 portes, des formes plus complexes telles que des formes en L, en T ou même en X peuvent également être utilisées afin de réduire les distances de transport internes. La caractéristique la plus frappante est le nombre élevé de portes (quais) sur au moins deux côtés du bâtiment, souvent opposés. Un côté sert à la réception des marchandises, l'autre à leur expédition.&nbsp;À l'intérieur, il n'y a pratiquement pas d'entrepôts à rayonnages hauts. À la place, on trouve une surface centrale ouverte, utilisée pour le tri et le regroupement rapides des marchandises. Une aire de manœuvre suffisante à l'extérieur est également indispensable pour garantir la fluidité du trafic des camions vers et depuis les quais. L'emplacement de ces terminaux est presque toujours choisi de manière stratégique : à proximité immédiate des autoroutes, des aéroports ou d'autres nœuds de communication importants, comme ceux que l'on trouve dans le « triangle d'or » de la Suisse entre Bâle, Zurich et Berne.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Les différentes formes de cross-docking</h2>Il existe différentes formes de cross-docking. Selon l'application et le secteur, différents types se sont imposés :Cross-docking de production : ici, différents composants livrés par des fournisseurs sont regroupés pour un site de production. Le terminal sert de point de consolidation afin de livrer à l'usine toutes les pièces nécessaires « juste à temps » ou « juste en séquence » en une seule livraison.&nbsp;Cross-docking de distribution : il s'agit d'une méthode courante dans le commerce de détail. Différents fournisseurs envoient leurs produits au terminal, où ils sont regroupés pour les différentes succursales. Au lieu de recevoir des livraisons de dizaines de fabricants, chaque succursale reçoit une livraison consolidée du terminal de cross-docking.&nbsp;Cross-docking de transport : les petits envois provenant de différents expéditeurs sont regroupés en chargements de camions plus importants (consolidation) afin de réduire les coûts de transport. L'inverse est également possible, lorsqu'un envoi important est divisé en plusieurs petits envois (déconsolidation) pour la distribution fine.&nbsp;Cross-docking opportuniste : dans un entrepôt traditionnel, il peut arriver qu'une marchandise qui vient d'arriver soit directement transmise à un client qui a commandé exactement ce produit. Il s'agit d'une forme hybride qui offre une grande flexibilité.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Les avantages du cross-docking</h2>La mise en place d'un système de cross-docking est complexe, mais les avantages potentiels sont considérables et répondent aux principaux défis de la logistique moderne :<ul><li>Réduction des coûts de stockage : comme les marchandises ne sont pas stockées, les coûts de stockage, d'espace de rayonnage et de main-d'œuvre associé sont presque entièrement supprimés.</li><li>Délais de livraison plus courts : le délai d'exécution entre le fournisseur et le client est considérablement réduit. C'est un avantage décisif pour les marchandises sensibles au facteur temps telles que les denrées alimentaires fraîches, les médicaments ou les biens de consommation courante dans le commerce électronique.</li><li>Réduction des risques liés à la manutention : chaque opération de stockage et de déstockage comporte un risque de dommage. En éliminant cette étape, le taux d'erreurs et de dommages diminue.</li><li>Centralisation des transports : au lieu de nombreuses petites livraisons vers différentes destinations, le cross-docking permet de regrouper les marchandises en camions complets, ce qui augmente l'efficacité des transports et réduit l'impact environnemental.</li><li>Réduction de l'espace nécessaire : les terminaux de cross-docking nécessitent moins d'espace bâché que les entrepôts traditionnels par rapport au volume traité. Dans un pays où l'espace est rare comme la Suisse, c'est un facteur important.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Les défis du cross-docking</h2>Malgré ses avantages impressionnants, le cross-docking présente divers défis. L'absence de stocks tampons rend la chaîne d'approvisionnement plus vulnérable aux perturbations. Un retard dans l'arrivée d'un camion peut perturber tout le planning de la journée. Une mise en œuvre réussie nécessite une précision exceptionnelle dans la planification et la coordination.&nbsp;Tous les partenaires de la chaîne d'approvisionnement, du fournisseur au client final en passant par le transporteur, doivent être parfaitement synchronisés. Cela est impossible sans des systèmes informatiques performants, tels que des systèmes avancés de gestion d'entrepôt (WMS) et de gestion des transports (TMS), qui permettent un flux d'informations continu en temps réel. De plus, les fournisseurs doivent être en mesure de livrer leurs marchandises préemballées et correctement étiquetées pour une manutention rapide. Le personnel du terminal doit être hautement qualifié pour gérer des processus de tri rapides et sans erreur.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Conclusion</h2>Le cross-docking est plus qu'une simple tendance logistique ; il s'agit d'une réponse stratégique aux exigences croissantes en matière de rapidité et d'efficacité dans une économie mondialisée. Pour les entreprises suisses actives dans les secteurs du commerce de détail, du commerce électronique, de l'automobile ou de l'industrie pharmaceutique, l'utilisation d'un terminal de cross-docking peut constituer un avantage concurrentiel décisif.&nbsp;

Qu'est-ce que le cross-docking ? Logistique allégée

Retail Space

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Expensive mistake or prime location? Find the perfect retail space in Switzerland! Our guide covers everything you need to know – from location and layout to hidden costs.

The location: The key to success

Structural and functional requirements

Technical infrastructure: The invisible foundation

Legal and financial framework

Future-oriented aspects: Consider the changes in retail

Opening or expanding a retail store is more than just implementing a business idea; it is creating a physical space where your brand meets your customers. Choosing the right retail space is one of the most fundamental and far-reaching business decisions you will make. It not only influences potential sales, but also significantly shapes the perception of your brand and the efficiency of your daily operations. A hasty decision can be costly, while a carefully considered choice lays the foundation for lasting success. You should therefore bear the following requirements in mind when renting retail space.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">The location: The key to success</h2>Every evaluation inevitably begins with the location. This is a factor whose importance cannot be overstated. The best product presentation and the friendliest service are of little use if potential customers cannot find your shop in the first place. The first indicator is footfall. Analyse not only how many people pass by a potential location, but also when they do so and who these people are. High footfall during the evening rush hour may be ideal for a takeaway concept, but for a boutique, affluent walk-in customers on Saturday afternoons are more important.&nbsp;But quantity alone is not everything. The quality of the footfall and how well it matches your target group are also crucial. A location in a trendy, young neighbourhood appeals to a different audience than an address in an established shopping street with luxury brands. Closely linked to this is the visibility of your space. A wide, inviting shop window in a clearly visible position is your most important and cost-effective advertising space. It arouses curiosity and actively attracts customers. Therefore, check carefully how visible the façade is and what design options it offers.&nbsp;Also consider accessibility. How easy is it for your customers to get to you? Good public transport links are often a decisive advantage in cities, while the availability of parking spaces may be more important in rural areas. Don't forget to consider the delivery situation for your own goods. Easy access for suppliers saves time and hassle. Finally, it is worth taking a look at the immediate surroundings and the mix of businesses. Do the surrounding shops complement your offering and create synergies, or are you in direct competition? A well-established mix can increase the attractiveness of an entire street and attract additional customers.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Structural and functional requirements of a retail space</h2>Once you have identified a promising location, the focus shifts to the property itself. The question here is whether the space is not only suitable, but also actively supports your concept. The sheer number of square metres can be misleading. The layout of the space is crucial. Analyse the ratio of pure sales area (VKF) to ancillary areas such as storage, offices and staff rooms. A long, narrow room places different demands on product presentation than an open, square floor plan. An easily accessible and sufficiently large warehouse is the backbone of an efficient operation and should not be underestimated.&nbsp;The shop window is your business's calling card. Its size, orientation and general condition are critical success factors. At the same time, the atmosphere inside shapes the shopping experience. High ceilings can convey a feeling of spaciousness and luxury, while lower ceilings can create a cosier, more intimate atmosphere. The condition of floors, walls and ceilings not only provides information about renovation requirements, but also directly influences how quickly and cost-effectively you can implement your brand identity in the space. Another often overlooked point is accessibility. Threshold-free access is not only a requirement for inclusion and an important service for customers with prams or limited mobility, but is also enshrined in Swiss law by the Disability Discrimination Act (BehiG).&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Technical infrastructure: The invisible foundation</h2>What is often overlooked but essential for smooth operation is hidden in the walls and ceilings of the property. A modern retail space requires a robust technical infrastructure. Start with the electrical installations: are there enough power connections for cash register systems, lighting, computers and any special equipment? Is the connection capacity sufficient? Closely related to this is connectivity. A fast and stable internet connection, ideally via fibre optics, is the lifeline of today's retail sector. It is required for cash register systems, merchandise management, online orders and often also for customer Wi-Fi. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) are equally important for the well-being of your customers and employees.&nbsp;A well-regulated temperature and fresh air are crucial for a pleasant stay. Air conditioning in particular can make all the difference on hot summer days and encourage customers to linger. You should also check the condition and availability of sanitary facilities for staff and, if necessary, for customers. Finally, you should evaluate the existing security technology. Is an alarm system already installed or are the necessary cables in place?&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Legal and financial framework</h2>Before signing a lease, the hard facts must be clarified. The most important point is the official usage permit from the local authority. Make sure that the space is actually declared as retail space and that your specific industry is permitted to operate there. Special requirements apply to restaurants and noisy businesses.&nbsp;The lease itself often contains retail-specific clauses. Pay attention to regulations on minimum opening hours, restrictions on product ranges or requirements for advertising measures. It is always advisable to have the contract reviewed by an expert. Financially, you need to look beyond the net rent. Ask for a detailed list of ancillary costs to get a realistic estimate of the total expenses. The biggest financial item besides the rent is often the tenant's fit-out. Clarify which costs for floors, walls, ceilings, lighting and other installations are to be borne by you as the tenant and which are to be borne by the landlord.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Future-oriented aspects: Consider the changes in retail</h2>Retail in 2025 will no longer be purely a transaction space. To be successful in the long term, your retail space must meet modern customer requirements. Think about omnichannel capability. Does the floor plan offer the possibility of setting up a ‘click &amp; collect’ area for online orders or efficiently handling returns?&nbsp;Competition with online retailers also demands a physical shopping experience. Can your space be more than just a warehouse? Does the space allow for flexible use for small events, workshops or a cosy coffee corner to inspire customers and increase the time they spend in your store? Finally, sustainability is becoming increasingly important. An energy-efficient building (recognisable by the GEAK certificate) not only protects the environment, but also your utility budget. For more and more customers, a visible commitment to sustainability is also a positive brand attribute.&nbsp;

Finding the perfect retail space: requirements and tips

Hospitality

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From choosing a location to ventilation systems. These are the requirements you should consider when searching for a suitable restaurant.

The location issue

The property in detail

Nothing works without infrastructure

Navigating the legal jungle

The dream of owning your own restaurant, a vibrant café or a stylish bar usually stems from a deep passion for good food and hospitality. The vision is often crystal clear, and the menu has long been written in your mind. But between the brilliant idea and the first satisfied guest lies a crucial, often underestimated step: choosing the right property. The long-term success of a restaurant business is not only based on a smart concept, but fundamentally on the perfect interplay between the location and the nature of the premises. An unsuitable infrastructure can slow down even the most creative idea, while a well-thought-out choice lays the foundation for a successful future. But what really matters? This guide will take you systematically through the most important aspects of finding the ideal restaurant space.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">The question of location</h2>Choosing a location is the first and probably most important strategic decision. It is much more than just an address; it defines the potential for walk-in customers, the composition of your target group and ultimately the profitability of your entire project. A low rent in a remote alley can quickly prove to be an expensive mistake if the guests stay away. First of all, you need to have a clear idea of who your ideal customers are. Are you targeting students, business people on their lunch break, tourists or families from the neighbourhood? Your location must be where these people are. It is important to analyse the footfall at different times of the day and week and to focus on the quality of the contacts rather than the quantity. A fine dining restaurant is less dependent on spontaneous walk-in customers than a takeaway snack bar, but it needs to be easily accessible for guests who are travelling specifically to visit it.&nbsp;The visibility of the restaurant plays a key role here. Is your business easy to find and notice? A prominent location on a busy street or square is an invaluable advantage. At the same time, practical aspects of accessibility must be clarified, including good public transport links and parking facilities for guests and staff. The immediate surroundings also deserve close consideration. A look at the surrounding businesses will reveal whether there is an oversupply of similar concepts or whether your offering complements the neighbourhood. Offices, shops and cultural institutions can be important sources of guests. In Switzerland, it is also essential to check the municipal framework conditions. Check with the relevant local authority to find out which zoning category the property falls into and whether a restaurant is permitted there without restrictions. In mixed residential and commercial areas in particular, strict regulations regarding noise and odour emissions can severely restrict operations.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">The substance of success: the property in detail</h2>Once you have found a suitable location, the focus shifts to the property itself. The structural fabric and floor plan must fit your concept or at least be adaptable at reasonable expense. A logical operational workflow is essential for efficient service. The distances between the kitchen and the dining area must be short, and there must be a clear separation between the public guest area and the internal work areas. A rigid floor plan with many load-bearing walls can severely disrupt flexible design and result in high conversion costs.&nbsp;The guest area itself must offer enough space for the targeted number of seats in order to achieve the business objectives. An outdoor area is an invaluable asset that can massively increase turnover in the warmer months. Whether a spacious terrace or compact boulevard seating, this extension of the guest area is extremely popular. It should be noted that the use of public land in Switzerland always requires a separate permit from the local authority, which is often subject to conditions and fees. Just as important as the visible guest area are the often neglected ancillary rooms. Sufficient dry and cool storage space for food, a separate beverage storage area and space for cleaning materials are essential for smooth operations. Functional staff rooms with toilets and changing rooms are also part of a professional setup. Another practical aspect is the delivery of goods, which should ideally take place via a separate, easily accessible entrance so as not to disturb the restaurant.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">The technical heart: nothing works without proper infrastructure</h2>The most critical and often most expensive part of a restaurant property is its technical infrastructure. Converting a normal office or retail space into a functioning restaurant often fails due to inadequate technical requirements. The ventilation system is at the forefront of this. A professional kitchen exhaust system that extracts vapours, grease and odours directly above the cooking appliances is not only required by law, but also essential for a pleasant atmosphere throughout the restaurant. The exhaust air must be vented via the roof of the building to avoid conflicts with neighbours due to odour nuisance. Retrofitting such a system is extremely expensive and, in many existing buildings, simply impossible.&nbsp;From air to water. Sufficient water connections are one thing, proper disposal is another. A grease separator is required by law for every catering establishment in Switzerland. This system filters grease and oil from the waste water before it enters the sewer system, thus preventing massive blockages in the public network. Checking whether such a separator is already in place or can be installed is a key point when searching for a property. The power supply is no less important. A professional kitchen with stoves, ovens and dishwashers requires a high electrical output and high-voltage current (400V). It must be ensured that there are sufficient connections and that the main distribution system of the building is designed for this continuous load. If desired, a gas connection must also be professionally approved and safe.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Navigating the legal jungle</h2>Switzerland is known for its precise regulations, and the hospitality industry is no exception. These regulations are designed to protect guests and the public and must be strictly adhered to. The legislation is regulated at cantonal level, which is why the first port of call should be the relevant authority. They will clarify which permits are required. In many cantons, the managing director needs a certificate of competence, known as a Wirtepatent. The business itself needs an operating licence that is linked to the property and the person.&nbsp;Another key pillar is federal food and hygiene law. Every business is obliged to implement a self-monitoring concept based on international HACCP principles. This documents in detail how food safety is guaranteed at all times, from the receipt of goods to their delivery to the guest. Cantonal food inspectors carry out unannounced checks to ensure compliance. This also places high demands on the structural design, such as easy-to-clean surfaces. At the same time, the strict fire safety regulations of the Association of Cantonal Fire Insurers (VKF) must be observed, which regulate everything from escape routes to fire alarm systems. In the case of new buildings and renovations, the Disability Discrimination Act also plays a role, which often requires barrier-free access.&nbsp;

Requirements when searching for a restaurant

Office

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The temperature in the office affects productivity, well-being and health. Find out what the recommended ideal room temperature is in the office and how to regulate it optimally.

Importance of room temperature

Influence on well-being

Ideal room temperature

Tips for regulation

Health aspects

Energy efficiency and cost aspects

Ddeal with temperature fluctuations

Conclusion

The temperature in the office is a crucial factor for well-being, health and productivity in the workplace. In this article, we take a close look at why the room temperature in the office is a central issue for employers and employees alike, what recommendations exist for the ideal room temperature in the office and what tips are available for optimising conditions on site. We also explain why an office that is too cold or too warm can have an impact on health and how to intelligently reduce energy costs without worsening the working environment. &nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Why office temperature is so important</h2>The temperature in the office affects the performance, physical well-being and motivation of everyone who works there regularly. If it is too hot, the pulse often rises and the body loses more fluids. You quickly feel tired and unable to concentrate. If it is too cool, on the other hand, the muscles cramp, you feel cold and you don't stay productive for long. People also react to temperature changes with varying degrees of sensitivity. One person feels comfortable at 20°C, while another only really thrives at 23°C. Nevertheless, certain average values can be derived as a guide. &nbsp;In many offices, the question of temperature is also a question of long-term health. Excessive humidity combined with poor ventilation can cause mould to form or lead to headaches, while dry air can irritate mucous membranes. The room temperature in the office is therefore influenced by other factors such as humidity, fresh air supply and air quality. Only when all the elements are in place will employees feel completely comfortable.&nbsp;Another important aspect is that the temperature indoors often has to be adapted to the outdoor conditions, which can vary greatly depending on the season. In winter, more heating is usually needed, while in summer air conditioning or at least well-thought-out ventilation is necessary. Consequently, the room temperature should always be adjusted according to the current weather and the individual needs of the employees.&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;"> Influence on well-being and productivity</h2>The temperature in the office is crucial for many details that are not obvious at first glance. Our body uses more energy at low temperatures to keep warm. At high temperatures, however, it loses energy to cool down. If the office is too warm, fatigue and concentration problems can occur quickly because blood flow to the skin is stimulated and you sweat more quickly. Productivity drops and mistakes creep in more often. At the end of the day, it's a matter of balance: even slight deviations from our comfortable temperature zone affect our mental performance.&nbsp;Health also plays a major role. A permanently high or low room temperature in the office leads to altered sleep patterns, tension and a weakened immune system. If it is permanently too cold, you are more likely to tense up or blood circulation in your arms and hands will be reduced, which can lead to unpleasant side effects. If it gets too warm, the body can overheat. Many people also drink too little when it is very hot, which can cause headaches and a feeling of general exhaustion.&nbsp;Although everyone's subjective perception is different, there are proven average values for office temperatures that provide a good starting point. Experts often recommend a temperature between 21 °C and 23 °C for classic office activities. This is usually in the green zone. Although these are only rough guidelines, these values have been shown in many studies to be the optimal range for promoting concentration and well-being. However, other factors such as humidity, clothing and sitting position also play a role. In particular, people who sit for long periods often feel the cold more quickly than those who move around the room. Therefore, you have to react flexibly instead of stubbornly sticking to a single value.&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;"> What is the ideal office temperature?</h2>There is no single figure for the ideal office temperature. Rather, experience and scientific studies have shown that most people can work well in a range of temperatures. Many employees feel comfortable between 21°C and 23°C. However, each team has its own needs. For example, those who are particularly sensitive to the cold often find 22°C too cool, while those who are sensitive to heat can feel uncomfortably warm even at 24°C. As an employer, it makes sense to find a healthy balance and not to neglect appropriate clothing rules. Someone who has to wear a shirt and suit in the office has different room temperature requirements than someone who works in casual leisure clothing.&nbsp;The standard of the building also plays a role. Modern buildings are often well insulated and have sophisticated ventilation systems, so that even in cold winters, it is relatively easy to maintain a constant temperature. Older buildings, on the other hand, sometimes have inadequately insulated windows or draughts. In this case, the temperature felt can differ from the readings on the thermometer. A combination of regular ventilation and a balanced heating concept often helps. Humidity is also important. Ideal values are between 40 and 60 per cent relative humidity. The air feels neither too dry nor too moist. This in turn has an effect on the room temperature, since cool temperatures feel colder when the air is very dry and warm temperatures feel more oppressive when the humidity is high.&nbsp;To determine the ideal room temperature in the office, it is worth holding regular discussions and brief feedback sessions. Companies that value satisfied employees should look for a dynamic solution that can be adapted to changing conditions.&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;"> Tips for regulating the room temperature in the office</h2>Although it makes sense to set a uniform target temperature, practice often shows that different zones in the office have different temperatures. This is particularly noticeable in open-plan offices. Employees sitting close to windows often perceive temperatures differently than those placed more in the centre of the room. It is therefore worthwhile to take appropriate measures to achieve the best possible temperature in the office.&nbsp;Regular ventilation is one of the most important factors. Short bursts of ventilation every two to three hours provide fresh air without letting too much heat escape. In winter, it is worth turning the heating down briefly when airing to avoid unnecessary energy loss. In summer, you can air rooms early in the morning or late at night when the outside temperatures are lower. Sun protection systems such as blinds or curtains also help to control the temperature. They help to prevent offices from heating up too much. &nbsp;Another tip is not to move or block radiators. They are often covered with furniture or hidden by curtains, which reduces heat output. In modern buildings, a thermostat often automatically regulates the temperature in the office as long as the systems are configured correctly. If there are problems, it is always worth taking a look at the settings or talking to the building management. Sometimes it's just small things like faulty sensors or incorrectly set schedules for the heating phases. Those who make these fine adjustments can often significantly improve the room temperature in the office.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Health aspects</h2>Health plays a central role when it comes to office temperature. Many people now spend a large part of their day sitting at a desk. If the room temperature in the office is too low, joints and muscles can become chilled, leading to tension and pain in the long term. Those who are constantly cold tend to have poorer posture and tense shoulders and necks. This can lead to chronic tension, headaches and a general feeling of unease, which significantly reduces motivation.&nbsp;Conversely, if the temperature is too high, it can put a strain on the cardiovascular system. Especially in summer, this can lead to circulatory problems when the air temperature climbs above 26°C. Headaches and exhaustion are common side effects. Dry air in air-conditioned rooms also has a negative effect on the respiratory tract. The mucous membranes in the nose and throat dry out and offer less resistance to pathogens. Colds or other infections can spread more easily. This shows why an ideal room temperature in the office not only serves comfort, but is also essential for health.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Energy efficiency and cost aspects</h2>Particularly in times of rising energy costs, this topic is also discussed from a financial perspective. If you turn up the heating unnecessarily, you can expect not only dry air but also high operating costs. For companies, this can become a considerable burden over time. In such cases, it is worth developing a healthy cost awareness without impairing the working environment. Modern heating systems can often be controlled well, so that they only run at full power when it is really necessary.&nbsp;There is also potential for savings when it comes to cooling. Air conditioning systems consume a lot of energy, which is why you should think carefully about when and for how long they are used. In some cases, small measures are enough to keep an office cool, such as darkening windows early in the morning or briefly airing rooms crosswise. An efficiently controlled air conditioning system that properly cleans and humidifies the circulating air can be quite useful. It is crucial that the room temperature in the office is not cooled down excessively. A temperature difference of just one or two degrees can account for a large amount of power consumption. Many people believe that the colder the better. However, temperatures that are too low are not only unhealthy, but usually costly as well. A well-thought-out balance ensures greater efficiency while improving the working environment.&nbsp;User behaviour also plays a role. In many companies, computers, monitors and other electrical devices are left on around the clock. This equipment generates heat. Particularly in smaller rooms, electronic devices can noticeably raise the air temperature. If you consistently switch off equipment in the evening, you save electricity and avoid unnecessary heat sources. At the same time, the office will be more pleasantly tempered in the morning.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Dealing with temperature fluctuations</h2>In Switzerland, climatic conditions vary greatly depending on the season and region. On a hot summer's day, temperatures in the city rise more than in mountainous areas. When cold spells hit in winter, heating is sometimes left on 24/7 to keep things warm. It's important to be aware of changing conditions and to react flexibly. Setting the heating to a fixed temperature of 23°C may make sense in January, but in March it may be overkill because outside temperatures are already a bit milder. &nbsp;However, temperature fluctuations can also occur within a short period of time, for example when a lot of people are in a meeting room at the same time or when the afternoon sun falls on certain workplaces through large windows. Such local differences should be specifically addressed. In meeting rooms, for example, the temperature can be kept a little lower because the body heat of several people quickly warms up a room. &nbsp;Another point is that each individual should be aware of how they can contribute to the room temperature. If you turn the heating up to the maximum in winter and then leave the window open all the time, you are wasting energy and creating a draught. Responsible behaviour in the workplace means being considerate and actively supporting measures that benefit everyone. Even small things, such as airing rooms during breaks or closing windows in the evening, contribute to overall success. This way, the temperature in the office is regulated better and more efficiently, and the team can benefit from a consistently comfortable climate.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Conclusion</h2>The temperature in the office is much more than just a number on the thermometer. It determines the motivation, health, energy consumption and general well-being of all employees. If the temperature in the office is too cold or too warm, it can have a significant impact on productivity and lead to physical complaints. There is no single ideal room temperature, but a range between 21°C and 23°C is considered a good starting point for office work. However, it should not be forgotten that factors such as humidity, clothing, structural conditions and personal preferences also play a major role.&nbsp;

The ideal temperature in the office

Gewerbe

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Erfahren Sie, wie Sie Ihr Gewerbe in der Schweiz korrekt anmelden, auf welche Aspekte Sie dabei achten müssen und wo Sie Gewerberäume online finden. 

Bewilligungen bei der Anmeldung

Schritte der Gewerbeanmeldung

Spezifische Bewilligungen

Einholen der Bewilligung

Die Suche nach einer Gewerbefläche

Unterstützung und Beratung

Die Gründung und Anmeldung eines Gewerbes in der Schweiz erfordern nicht nur die Wahl der passenden Rechtsform und die Erstellung eines Businessplans, sondern auch die Einholung spezifischer Bewilligungen, welche in Abhängigkeit zu der Art der geplanten Tätigkeit stehen. Dieser Leitfaden bietet einen detaillierten Überblick zu den notwendigen Schritten und Bewilligungen, die für die Gewerbeanmeldung in der Schweiz erforderlich sind.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">1. Bewilligungen bei der Gewerbeanmeldung</h2>In der Schweiz unterliegen bestimmte Gewerbe und Tätigkeiten einer Bewilligungspflicht. Dies dient dem Schutz der Öffentlichkeit, der Sicherstellung von Qualitätsstandards und der Einhaltung gesetzlicher Vorschriften. Die Notwendigkeit einer Bewilligung hängt von verschiedenen Faktoren ab, darunter die Art des Gewerbes, der Standort und die spezifischen Tätigkeiten des Unternehmens.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">2. Allgemeine Schritte zur Gewerbeanmeldung</h2>Bevor Sie sich mit den spezifischen Bewilligungen auseinandersetzen, sollten Sie die grundlegenden Schritte zur Gewerbeanmeldung in der Schweiz durchführen:&nbsp;Wahl der Rechtsform: Entscheiden Sie sich für eine geeignete Rechtsform, wie beispielsweise ein Einzelunternehmen, eine GmbH oder eine AG.&nbsp;Eintrag ins Handelsregister: Abhängig von der gewählten Rechtsform und dem Jahresumsatz ist ein Eintrag ins Handelsregister erforderlich.&nbsp;Anmeldung bei der AHV-Ausgleichskasse: Melden Sie Ihr Unternehmen bei der zuständigen AHV-Ausgleichskasse an, um die Sozialversicherungsbeiträge zu regeln.&nbsp;Prüfung der Mehrwertsteuerpflicht: Überprüfen Sie, ob Ihr Unternehmen mehrwertsteuerpflichtig ist und melden Sie sich gegebenenfalls bei der Eidgenössischen Steuerverwaltung an.&nbsp;Weitere Informationen zu diesen Schritten finden Sie auf dem KMU-Portal des SECO.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">3. Spezifische Bewilligungen je nach Branche</h2>Je nach Branche und Art der Tätigkeit können zusätzliche Bewilligungen erforderlich sein. Im Folgenden sind einige Beispiele aufgeführt:&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">3.1. Gastgewerbe</h3>Wer im Kanton Zürich einen Gastwirtschaftsbetrieb führen möchte, benötigt ein Gastwirtschaftspatent. Dieses kann mit oder ohne die Bewilligung zum Ausschank von alkoholischen Getränken erteilt werden. Zuständig für die Erteilung ist die jeweilige Gemeinde des Standorts. Zusätzlich sind Gastwirtschaften als Lebensmittelbetriebe beim Kantonalen Labor meldepflichtig.&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">3.2. Sicherheitsunternehmen</h3>Natürliche und juristische Personen, die gewerbsmässig private Sicherheitsdienstleistungen erbringen, benötigen eine Bewilligung des Kantons. Zudem müssen alle Mitarbeitenden, die im Kanton Zürich Sicherheitsdienstleistungen erbringen, bestimmte Voraussetzungen erfüllen.&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">3.3. Arbeitsvermittlung und Personalverleih</h3>Unternehmen, die Arbeitsvermittlung, die Vermittlung von Sportlerinnen und Sportlern oder Künstlerinnen und Künstlern sowie Fotomodell- und Mannequinagenturen betreiben oder Personal verleihen, benötigen eine kantonale Bewilligung.&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">3.4. Gewerbsmässige Risikoaktivitäten</h3>Für Tätigkeiten wie das Bergführer- und Skilehrerwesen sowie gewerbsmässig angebotene Outdooraktivitäten ist eine Bewilligung durch den Kanton notwendig.&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">3.5. Handel mit alkoholhaltigen Getränken</h3>Der Verkauf von alkoholhaltigen Getränken an Endverbraucherinnen und Endverbraucher ist bewilligungspflichtig. Für den Verkauf im Detailhandel ist ein sogenanntes Patent für den Klein- und Mittelverkauf notwendig. Der mit diesem Patent verkaufte Alkohol darf nicht an Ort und Stelle konsumiert werden. Für die Erteilung des Patents ist die Gemeinde am Ort der Geschäftsstelle zuständig.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">4. Vorgehen zur Einholung der erforderlichen Bewilligungen</h2>Um die notwendigen Bewilligungen für Ihr Gewerbe zu erhalten, sollten Sie folgende Schritte beachten:&nbsp;Recherche: Informieren Sie sich über die spezifischen Bewilligungen, die für Ihre Branche und Tätigkeit erforderlich sind. Die kantonalen Behörden bieten hierzu umfassende Informationen an.&nbsp;Antragstellung: Reichen Sie die erforderlichen Anträge bei den zuständigen Behörden ein. Stellen Sie sicher, dass alle notwendigen Unterlagen vollständig und korrekt sind, um Verzögerungen zu vermeiden.&nbsp;Fristen und Gebühren: Beachten Sie die Bearbeitungszeiten und anfallenden Gebühren für die Bewilligungen. Planen Sie ausreichend Zeit ein, bevor Sie Ihr Gewerbe aufnehmen.&nbsp;Kontrollen und Auflagen: Seien Sie darauf vorbereitet, dass die Behörden Kontrollen durchführen und bestimmte Auflagen erteilen können. Stellen Sie sicher, dass Ihr Betrieb den gesetzlichen Anforderungen entspricht.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">5. Schritte zur Suche nach der idealen Gewerbefläche</h2><h3 style="text-align:justify;">5.1 Bedarfsanalyse durchführen</h3>Klären Sie im ersten Schritt <a href="https://www.maison.work/blog/gewerberaum-mieten-schweiz">Ihre Anforderungen</a>: Standort, Grösse, <a href="https://www.maison.work/blog/mietpreise-pro-quadratmeter-von-gewerbeobjekten">Budget</a> und eventuelle branchenspezifische Anforderungen.&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">5.2 maison.work als Tool nutzen</h3>Erstellen Sie ein kostenloses Profil auf maison.work und profitieren Sie von der intuitiven Suchfunktion. <a href="https://www.maison.work/ch/mieten/gewerbe">Die Plattform ermöglicht es, gezielt nach Gewerbeflächen zu filtern</a>, die Ihren Kriterien entsprechen.&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">5.3 Angebote vergleichen</h3>maison.work zeigt Ihnen eine Übersicht relevanter Inserate mit transparenten Informationen. So können Sie leicht Angebote vergleichen und eine fundierte Entscheidung treffen.&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">5.4 Kontaktaufnahme und Besichtigung</h3>Über die Plattform können Sie direkt Kontakt zu Anbietern aufnehmen und Besichtigungstermine vereinbaren.&nbsp;Egal, ob Sie ein Café eröffnen, ein Büro einrichten oder eine Lagerhalle benötigen – maison.work ist Ihr Partner für die effiziente und stressfreie Suche nach Gewerbeflächen in der Schweiz.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">6. Unterstützung und Beratung</h2>Die Einholung der erforderlichen Bewilligungen kann komplex sein. Es ist daher ratsam, sich von Fachleuten beraten zu lassen. Die kantonalen Wirtschaftsförderungen, Branchenverbände und spezialisierte Beratungsunternehmen können wertvolle Unterstützung bieten.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">7. Fazit</h2>Die erfolgreiche Anmeldung eines Gewerbes in der Schweiz erfordert nicht nur die Erfüllung allgemeiner administrativer Schritte, sondern auch die Einholung spezifischer Bewilligungen, abhängig von der Art der Tätigkeit. Eine sorgfältige Planung und frühzeitige Information sind entscheidend, um den Gründungsprozess reibungslos zu gestalten und gesetzliche Anforderungen zu erfüllen.

Gewerbe anmelden in der Schweiz

Commercial

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Find out what the consequences are of living in commercial premises in Switzerland and what the legal requirements are.

Living in commercial premises

Legal framework in Switzerland

When are penalties imposed?

Silent business as a key factor

Conversion of commercial to residential use

Repurposing process

Aggravating conditions in everyday life

Conversion from office to apartment

Opportunities for owners and investors

Caution with illegal occupancy

Is ‘living and working’ an alternative?

Outlook: flexibility vs. regulations

For some time now, living in commercial premises has held a certain fascination for many people. The charm of a repurposed studio, an old workshop or a modern office that suddenly becomes a cosy home is undeniable. At the same time, however, in Switzerland, delicate questions arise regarding the legal background, the need for permits and possible consequences. Can commercial space simply be converted into living space, and what happens if this conversion is done without permission? What role does the so-called <a href="https://www.maison.work/en/blog/was-ist-stilles-gewerbe">silent business</a> play in this? And what about a penalty for living in commercial premises? This article provides a comprehensive overview of the topic and highlights opportunities as well as stumbling blocks.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">What does ‘living in commercial premises’ mean?</h2>Many Swiss cities are experiencing a housing shortage. At the same time, a number of commercial properties are standing empty. From an economic point of view, it makes sense to add these properties to the housing market. But is it that simple? The first thing to consider is the purpose for which the space has been officially approved. Often, premises are defined as commercial, industrial or office space. Anyone who wants to set up their home there must apply for a change of use. If this is successful, then abandoned commercial premises can suddenly become attractive again.&nbsp;However, anyone living in commercial premises without permission may face trouble. The question of whether living in commercial premises in Switzerland will result in a penalty refers to possible sanctions for violating building and planning laws. As soon as a municipality or canton has intervened, there is a risk of fines and even a ban on use. It is therefore important not to ignore the formal steps involved in a change of use.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Legal framework in Switzerland</h2>In Switzerland, the issue of living in commercial premises is regulated at cantonal and municipal level. Each building law recognises certain zones and usage regulations. Whether a change of use from commercial to residential is even conceivable depends heavily on the requirements of the respective municipality. Within a residential area, offices are sometimes permissible as <a href="https://www.maison.work/en/blog/was-ist-stilles-gewerbe">silent businesses</a>. Conversely, a residential property in a mixed-use area can easily be converted into an office. The zone regulations in the building and zone regulations are crucial.In addition to the zone plans, the building regulations play an important role. These regulations determine what type of use is permitted in which zone. A workshop in an industrial zone is subject to different regulations than an office in a mixed-use area. Anyone seeking to convert commercial premises into residential accommodation usually applies to the relevant authority for a building permit or change of use. You may only officially live there once this has been approved. Otherwise, the municipality can impose a fine.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">When are fines imposed?</h2>The term ‘living in commercial premises fine switzerland’ appears again and again in internet forums and on real estate portals. The question often arises as to under what circumstances a fine is imposed. In principle, it can already become a problem if you change the purpose of use without authorisation and without informing the authorities. Building laws provide for sanctions for such violations. Anyone who is noticed during an inspection may not only have to pay a fine, but may also have to restore the commercial property to its original condition. &nbsp;The amount of the fine depends on the respective building law and the severity of the violation. Often, it is a three-digit amount, but it can also be a four-digit sum. Some of those affected may also have to take legal action against a ban on use or even an eviction from their self-created ‘living space’. This can result in lengthy proceedings. This makes it all the more important to clarify in advance whether a conversion of commercial premises into residential space is legally feasible.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Quiet business as a key factor</h2>The term quiet business plays a special role in this context. It usually refers to activities that are commercial but cause little or no noise or odour. Examples include office work, artistic work or online services that do not involve public access. In many municipalities, quiet businesses are also permitted in residential zones. They do not disturb the neighbourhood and hardly lead to increased traffic.&nbsp;But what does this mean for living in commercial premises? Those who live in an office complex may be able to argue that their activity as a quiet business is not noticeable. However, this does not replace the need for an official application for a change of use. Nevertheless, the criterion of a ‘silent trade’ in a mixed zone can signal to the authorities that noise pollution and the impact on the surrounding area will remain low. This can improve the chances of obtaining a permit for a change of use, especially if the municipality is generally flexible in its response to changing real estate needs. &nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Conversion from commercial to residential: opportunities and risks</h2>In the course of urbanisation, the demand for flexible living space has increased. More and more often, attempts are being made to transform shop areas, industrial wastelands or old factory buildings into residential areas. The attraction lies in the special charm of such properties and in the often generous spaces that can be transformed into individual living solutions with a successful conversion. &nbsp;However, there are pitfalls lurking. Because every conversion, whether it is a conversion from commercial to residential or vice versa, must meet the requirements of building law. These include minimum requirements for lighting, fire protection, sound insulation and sanitary facilities. A former storage room may seem exciting, but if it has no windows or is too high up for the noise level to be a problem, the authorities often refuse to allow it to be used for residential purposes. &nbsp;Complying with building regulations also incurs costs. Anyone who takes over a commercial property and converts it into residential space without planning may later encounter high costs for retrofitting and adaptation. Fire doors, escape routes, soundproof windows or a new plumbing installation are just a few examples. If you have rented the commercial property, you must also clarify whether the landlord agrees to the change of use. A new rental agreement or at least a supplementary agreement is often unavoidable.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">The process of a change of use</h2>In order for a change of use of commercial premises to residential or vice versa to be legally effective, it is advisable to follow these steps: &nbsp;First, you should clarify the building regulations. What types of use are permitted in the affected zone? Is residential use allowed in this zone or at least eligible for approval in exceptional cases? Then a preliminary enquiry should be made to the relevant building authority, usually the building or construction office in the municipality. At this stage, it can already be clarified whether the project has a chance in principle. &nbsp;A specific building application is then submitted. It is important to submit the plans, floor plans and a building description. These must show how the premises will be adapted for residential use. Fire protection certificates, sound insulation protocols and other documents are also required. The authorities will review the documents. If they approve the application, the conversion can begin. If the application is rejected, there is usually an opportunity to improve the application or to try again.&nbsp;Another important aspect is the development. Living spaces usually require a certain infrastructure, such as a separate entrance, kitchen and sanitary facilities, as well as adequate ventilation. If these factors are neglected, the application is likely to be rejected.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Complicated conditions in everyday life</h2>When converting commercial premises into residential accommodation, practical issues arise in addition to the formal hurdles. Commercial premises are not always located in quiet residential areas, but often in commercial or industrial zones. This means more noise, fewer shopping facilities and sometimes irregular bus or train connections. Those who live there have to be prepared for restrictions. On the other hand, a creative living solution in an old office building can be very appealing. &nbsp;Another point is the neighbourhood. In commercial districts, the usual quiet hours are often less strictly controlled, but at the same time, night-time work and delivery traffic are common. This means that you may have peace and quiet during the day for your home office, but a noisy truck may roll up in the evening. Whether living in such properties proves successful in the long term depends heavily on personal preferences. &nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Conversion of office space into a flat</h2>Let's assume you have found a former practice or studio and would like to turn it into a loft. The conversion of an office into a flat is a classic example. Depending on the location and building regulations, this is feasible if the building is located in a zone that allows residential use or if an exceptional permit is possible. Important issues include soundproofing, sufficient window space and fire compartments.&nbsp;This is precisely where potential conflicts arise if the building does not meet any residential requirements. In this case, it can be costly to meet the requirements of the authorities. It should also be noted that the tax and insurance environment can change if you no longer run a business but operate a residential property.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Opportunities for owners and investors</h2>Owners of vacant commercial space often expect higher returns from residential use. Converting a commercial property into residential space opens it up to a new target group: singles, couples or creatives looking for a unique living space. This can be a lucrative option, especially in cities with a tight housing market. However, investors have to expect higher conversion costs. This means that the calculation should be long-term. In addition, official requirements are stricter when converting a commercial building into a residential building. However, in the event of a resale, a permit for residential use can prove to be an attractive location advantage.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Beware of illegal residential use</h2>Anyone who thinks they can simply move into an office and avoid being checked by the authorities should not underestimate the risk. Living in commercial premises in Switzerland can certainly lead to penalties and makes it clear that the authorities will not remain inactive if they are notified of a property being used illegally. Often, information comes to light from neighbours or routine checks.&nbsp;The consequences are unpleasant: a fine, an immediate eviction and the requirement to restore the property to its original condition are typical consequences. Anyone who has invested money in the conversion may be left with the costs. On top of that, there may be disputes with the landlord because the commercial lease does not cover residential use. Legally compliant conversion is therefore worthwhile in two respects: you avoid penalties and benefit from planning security.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Is ‘living and working’ an alternative?</h2>In some cases, it is permitted to use commercial premises as a place of both work and residence. This applies in particular to quiet commercial enterprises. Freelancers or artists who run a studio and sleep there may be able to apply for a mixed-use permit. However, it is important to pay close attention to the regulations of the building authorities. Not every municipality allows this and clear proof is often needed that the apartment only takes up a certain part of the total area. &nbsp;Sometimes, municipalities have mixed zones in which residential and commercial use are explicitly allowed. In such areas, building regulations are somewhat more flexible. However, a careful examination of the legal situation is also mandatory here. Even with mixed use, there may be conditions, such as separate accesses for the residential area, noise protection measures and a maximisation of the window areas for the residential part.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Outlook: flexibility vs. regulations</h2>The discussion about converting commercial space into living space is growing in Switzerland. The need for new living space coincides with the vacancy of office space, warehouses and shops. Many cities want to make more attractive use of their sites and are promoting innovative ideas, while at the same time maintaining the legal framework. For those looking to build, this means that, depending on the location, you may encounter either favourable authorities or strict regulations. It is always worth talking to those responsible for construction.&nbsp;Furthermore, the question arises as to how society is changing. Home offices are becoming more important in many sectors. Do we still need so many traditional offices or could they be reduced in favour of living space? Municipalities will have to adapt to avoid vacancies while maintaining quality of life. Anyone planning today should keep an eye on the trend towards flexible living and working models.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Conclusion</h2>Residential conversion in Switzerland is a complex issue that touches not only on building regulations but also on financial and social aspects. In principle, it is possible to convert commercial space into living space if the formal requirements are met. However, a legal change of use requires thorough preparation: you have to clarify the zoning regulations, submit a building application and ensure that all building regulations are complied with.&nbsp;Anyone who underestimates the issue and moves into a workshop or office without a permit risks legal consequences. Fines, a forced restoration obligation or an immediate eviction are realistic scenarios. The argument that you are only running a quiet business is not sufficient for residential use. Nevertheless, this type of business can increase the chances of obtaining a permit for a change of use if the spatial requirements are met and the building meets the relevant standards.&nbsp;The ambivalence between building law, practical implementation and personal lifestyle is reflected in this issue. Many people dream of urban living in old factory floors or creative studios, but the reality can be complicated. At the same time, Switzerland is looking for solutions to avoid vacancies and use urban spaces more efficiently. It therefore makes sense for all parties involved to openly discuss the possibilities of converting commercial spaces and to work together to find viable concepts. In this way, new living space is created step by step that meets the needs of the population without undermining existing building regulations. And this is the only way to avoid possible legal pitfalls before you end up in the unfortunate situation of having to pay a fine as a tenant or owner for living in non-approved commercial premises.

Does living in commercial premises in Switzerland lead to a penalty?

Bureau

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Vous luttez contre la fatigue au bureau ? Cet article met en lumière des solutions immédiates telles que l'activité physique et la lumière, ainsi que des stratégies durables en matière d'alimentation, de pauses et d'hygiène du sommeil.

Que faire en cas de fatigue aiguë au bureau ?

Stratégies durables contre la fatigue intense et extrême

Quand consulter un médecin ?

C'est un sentiment que presque tout le monde connaît : l'heure approche de 14 heures, le déjeuner pèse sur l'estomac et une fatigue intense s'installe au bureau. L'écran devient flou, la concentration diminue et l'envie d'une petite sieste se fait sentir. Ce phénomène, souvent appelé « coup de barre de l'après-midi », est plus qu'une simple nuisance : il affecte notre productivité, notre créativité et notre bien-être général. Cependant, vous n'êtes pas impuissant face à cette fatigue quotidienne. Il existe de nombreuses méthodes efficaces pour lutter contre la fatigue aiguë et la prévenir à long terme.&nbsp;En bref, une combinaison d'exercices physiques ciblés et courts, d'une utilisation consciente de la lumière et de l'air frais, d'une hydratation suffisante et de pauses appropriées est la clé pour retrouver énergie et concentration.&nbsp;Mais avant de nous plonger dans les solutions concrètes, il convient d'examiner brièvement les causes. Souvent, ce n'est pas seulement le manque de sommeil qui nous affecte pendant la journée. Une alimentation déséquilibrée, en particulier un déjeuner riche en sucres et en glucides, entraîne une chute rapide du taux de glycémie et donc un manque d'énergie. À cela s'ajoute le manque d'exercice physique : rester assis pendant des heures ralentit la circulation sanguine et l'apport en oxygène au cerveau. L'environnement de travail lui-même, avec une mauvaise qualité de l'air, un éclairage artificiel tamisé et une température ambiante trop élevée, peut également favoriser considérablement la fatigue.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Aide immédiate : que faire en cas de fatigue aiguë au bureau ?</h2>Lorsque vos paupières deviennent lourdes et que la prochaine tasse de café semble inaccessible, vous avez besoin d'une aide rapide et efficace. Le stimulus le plus puissant que vous puissiez donner à votre corps est l'activité physique. Il ne s'agit pas ici d'une séance d'entraînement intense. Levez-vous, montez deux étages à pied au lieu de prendre l'ascenseur ou faites un petit tour dans le quartier. Quelques minutes suffisent pour stimuler la circulation sanguine, oxygéner le cerveau et rompre la monotonie physique. Si vous ne pouvez pas quitter votre poste de travail, de simples étirements à votre bureau peuvent déjà vous aider. Étirez vos bras, roulez vos épaules et inclinez doucement votre tête d'un côté puis de l'autre.&nbsp;Un autre facteur déterminant est la combinaison de lumière et d'air frais. Notre corps est programmé pour produire de la mélatonine, l'hormone du sommeil, lorsqu'il fait sombre. Une lumière tamisée dans le bureau indique au cerveau qu'il est temps de se reposer. Ouvrez donc grand la fenêtre pour laisser entrer un bon coup d'air frais. L'oxygène revigore et le bref changement de température agit comme un réveil. Si possible, sortez cinq minutes. La lumière naturelle du jour est le plus puissant antagoniste de la mélatonine et vous aide à réajuster votre horloge interne et à vous réveiller rapidement.&nbsp;Souvent, la solution la plus simple est négligée : boire de l'eau. Même une légère déshydratation peut entraîner des troubles de la concentration et de la fatigue. Un grand verre d'eau fraîche peut faire des merveilles. Non seulement il réhydrate le corps, mais le fait de se lever pour aller chercher un verre d'eau offre une pause bienvenue. Évitez les boissons sucrées, car après un bref regain d'énergie, elles ne font que provoquer une baisse d'énergie encore plus importante.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Stratégies durables contre la fatigue intense et extrême</h2>Ces mesures immédiates sont efficaces, mais elles ne combattent que les symptômes. Si vous souffrez constamment ou même extrêmement de fatigue au bureau, des approches plus durables doivent être intégrées dans votre routine de travail et votre mode de vie.&nbsp;L'une des méthodes les plus efficaces consiste à organiser vos pauses de manière consciente. Au lieu de parcourir votre smartphone sans réfléchir pendant votre pause, utilisez ce temps pour vous détendre activement. La technique dite « Pomodoro », qui consiste à travailler de manière concentrée pendant 25 minutes, puis à faire une pause de cinq minutes, peut aider à répartir l'énergie tout au long de la journée. Profitez de ces courtes pauses pour faire une petite promenade, discuter avec des collègues ou simplement regarder par la fenêtre. Une véritable interruption mentale et physique est plus reposante qu'une consommation passive des médias.&nbsp;L'alimentation au bureau joue un rôle central dans la lutte contre la fatigue. Préparez votre déjeuner de manière à ce qu'il vous donne de l'énergie au lieu de vous en priver. Les glucides complexes contenus dans les produits à base de céréales complètes, associés aux protéines des légumineuses, du poisson ou de la viande maigre, ainsi qu'à des graisses saines et à beaucoup de légumes, assurent un apport énergétique durable et stable. Les repas lourds et gras et les glucides rapides contenus dans le pain blanc ou les pâtes obligent l'organisme à fournir un effort important pour la digestion et favorisent la fatigue.&nbsp;Adoptez également de bonnes habitudes de consommation de boissons. Une grande bouteille d'eau sur votre bureau vous rappellera de boire régulièrement et non pas seulement lorsque la soif, premier signe de déshydratation, se fait sentir. Votre lieu de travail lui-même peut également être une source de fatigue. Une chaise ergonomique et un écran à la bonne hauteur préviennent les tensions qui sollicitent davantage le corps.&nbsp;Veillez à avoir un bon éclairage et aérez régulièrement pour maintenir une faible concentration de CO2 dans la pièce.&nbsp;Cependant, c'est en dehors du travail que l'on trouve les meilleurs remèdes contre la fatigue au bureau. Il est indispensable d'avoir un rythme de sommeil régulier. Un sommeil suffisant et de bonne qualité est la base d'une journée productive et pleine d'énergie.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Lorsque rien ne fonctionne : quand consulter un médecin</h2>Il est important de souligner que la fatigue extrême et chronique qui ne s'améliore pas malgré un changement de mode de vie peut être le symptôme d'une cause médicale sous-jacente, telle qu'une carence en fer, des problèmes thyroïdiens ou un syndrome d'apnée du sommeil.&nbsp;Si la fatigue vous affecte pendant plusieurs semaines et altère considérablement votre qualité de vie, il est indispensable de consulter votre médecin traitant.&nbsp;

Que faire contre la fatigue au bureau ?

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